What is meant by "discovery" in legal terms?

Discovery is a fundamental process in the legal system that occurs before a trial, whereby both parties involved in a case exchange pertinent information and evidence. This phase is essential for ensuring that both sides have access to the information they need to prepare their arguments and make informed decisions about the case. The primary goal of discovery is to promote fairness and transparency in the legal process by preventing surprises at trial and allowing for a more efficient resolution of disputes.

During discovery, various methods are employed, such as depositions, interrogatories, requests for documents, and admissions. These tools allow parties to gather facts, clarify misunderstandings about the evidence, and work towards a potential settlement or prepare for trial.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the essence of what discovery entails. For instance, the notion that discovery is limited to evidence collection by the prosecution fails to recognize that both sides in a legal matter engage in this process. The reference to a trial process with a jury reaching a verdict pertains to the adjudication phase, which occurs after discovery has been completed. Lastly, the mention of a post-trial phase dealing with sentencing relates to the consequences following a verdict rather than the exchange of information that characterizes the discovery process. Thus, recognizing discovery as the pre-tr