What does "mediation" refer to in legal contexts?

Mediation in legal contexts specifically refers to a method where a neutral third party assists the disputing parties in reaching a voluntary settlement. This process emphasizes collaboration and communication, allowing both parties to express their views and concerns. The mediator does not impose a solution but facilitates dialogue and encourages compromise to help the parties find mutually acceptable resolutions to their conflict.

The focus on the voluntary nature of the settlement distinguishes mediation from other forms of dispute resolution, such as arbitration, where a decision is imposed by the arbitrator. This characteristic fosters a more cooperative atmosphere, often leading to outcomes that are satisfactory to both parties, which can be more difficult in more adversarial settings.

In contrast to the other options, mediation does not involve purely negotiation without assistance from a third party, nor does it relate to witness examination or a binding arbitration process, both of which follow different procedures and objectives in legal disputes.